Mechanical energy storage

Pumped Storage: Water is pumped from low lying reservoirs to high lying reservoirs using excess electricity as a liquid energy medium during low power grid periods. During peak load of the power grid, water from high lying reservoirs flows back to the lower reservoir to drive the turbine generator to generate electricity.

Compressed air energy storage: Utilizing the remaining electricity generated during low load periods in the power system, an electric motor drives an air compressor to compress the air into a sealed, large capacity underground cave that serves as a gas storage chamber. When the system's power generation is insufficient, compressed air is mixed with oil or natural gas through a heat exchanger for combustion, and then introduced into a gas turbine for power generation.

Flywheel energy storage: It is the use of a high-speed rotating flywheel to store energy in the form of kinetic energy. When energy is needed, the flywheel slows down to release the stored energy.

Electrical energy storage

Supercapacitor energy storage: A dual layer structure composed of activated carbon porous electrodes and electrolytes is used to obtain extremely large capacitance.

Superconductive Energy Storage (SMES): A device that stores electrical energy using the zero resistance characteristic of superconductors.