Photovoltaic (PV) technology utilizes solar panels to directly convert sunlight into electrical energy. However, the intermittency of solar energy and the mismatch between grid demand require efficient energy storage systems to optimize energy utilization and improve the stability of the power system. Residential solar energy storage systems aim to address this issue by storing excess solar power and releasing it when needed to balance supply and demand, improve energy efficiency, and reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels.

Storage Solutions for PV Applications

Residential solar energy storage systems typically consist of the following key components:

1. Solar panel: This is the core part of the photovoltaic system, responsible for converting sunlight into direct current. The commonly used types of solar panels include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and thin-film solar panels.

2. Inverter: The inverter converts the direct current generated by solar panels into alternating current for compatibility with the power grid or for household use. Modern inverters also have intelligent management functions that can optimize power output and energy storage.

3. Energy storage battery: Energy storage batteries are used to store excess solar power for use at night or on cloudy days. Common types of energy storage batteries include lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and flow batteries.

4. Battery Management System (BMS): The BMS monitors and controls the charging and discharging process of the battery, ensuring its safe operation and extending its lifespan. BMS can also optimize battery performance and improve energy utilization efficiency.

5. Energy Management System (EMS): The energy management system intelligently schedules energy storage systems through real-time monitoring and analysis of power demand and supply, maximizes the use of solar power, and reduces energy costs.